The Making of Oriental Carpets

Weaving of Carpet

Draftman working on a Carpet design


The Making of Oriental Carpets
Loom :
All oriental rugs are made in one of two way, they are either hand knotted (pile rugs) or hand woven (Kelims). The loom used in Kashmir Carpet weaving is composed of two horizontal wooden beams between which the warp threads are stretched.
Weaving is carried out by two or more weaver depending on the width of carpet, the coordination of the weavers and the skill are necessary for uniform weaving.

 

Carpet Loom

WARP + WEFT
The warp and Weft are the basic constituents of all textiles, and are often
referred to as the foundation of the carpets – the warp describes  the strands
of Material that run length ways from top to the bottom of the carpet and
forms fringes at the end, the weft runs width way and forms the selvedges
or the side.

 

THE DESIGN SCRIPT & GRAPH:
The written language used in most of part of the Oriental rugs making world employ scripts that bear  no resemblance to any of major languages in the world. A designer design a graph of a carpet and Taleem Writer (Script writer) write the design script  of the carpet as shown and weaver follow's the script while weaving the rug as in the past, no photographs  has ever been used in oriental weaving, only the Ancient script used n traditional way. The weavers must be matured and have knowledge of mathematics and language to design such as kashan, kirman,Gum, Hamdan,Qum, Guldan, Tree of life, Isfahan.

Working on the script of a Carpet

The Tools

TOOLS:
Very simple tools are used to make carpets in Kashmir, these include a blade to make the initial cut once the thread has been knotted. A wooden comb to push knots and weft tightly together and a pair of short scissors to cut the carpet to an even form once it's finished.

Ghiordes or Turkish knot

KNOTS:
In oriental rugs the pile is created by tying a short length of yarn around two adjacent warp strands, so that the ends of the yearn protrude  upwards to form the surface (or pile) of the rug. This process is referred to as knotting. The knotting process always begin at the side of the rug by tying a knot on each pair of warp strands in a horizontal direction across the width of the rug, when on horizontal line of knot has been tied, they are beaten tightly together with the weaver's comb before starting on the next line of knots, in between a locking thread is passed from one end to other and this continues upwards until the rug has been completed. Different types of knot as shown: There are two main types of knots used in making oriental carpets : senneh (or Persian) knot or the Ghiordes (or Turkish) knot.

Senneh or Persian knot

SENNCH:
Formed by looping the pile yarn through warp strands and then drawing it back through one persian knott produce finer and intricate.Carpets it's also called as the asymmetrical knott carpets and is used mostly in persian & Kashmir
GHIORDES OR TURKISH KNOTT:
Formed by looping the pile yarn across two warp strands and then drawing each end back through the inside of both warps. This is also called as the symmetrical knott. Turkish knott is used in other oriental carpet weaving countries.

Fineness of the knott:
This refer to the number of  knott in a sq. inch. Higher the knotts in sq. inch finer the quality, is the general criterion for evaluating carpets and fine knotting makes it possible to depict the smallest motif with precision, but this factor has been over stressed for there can be excellent carpet with low number of knoth. The raw material, dyeing, beauty and delicacy of design and fine workmanship and excellence in finish are all factors which contribute towards quality and price.
Colours:
Till 1860s carpets in kashmir were made with natural colours. The people of Asia were expert in the art of dying. The saffron used to provide pure yellow , green came from grass and brown from the leaves of kikar tree, there were the forms of making natural dyes. Anniline dyes, which compare poorly to natural dye and had tendency to fade fast was introduced a little over a century ago. Since 1960 now we have chrome dyeing process, the colours are fixed better and are fast and stays longer. 
CLIPPING:
Once a rug has been completed and taken off the loom, the pile is clipped to it's required length on a plain hard floor. A preliminary clipping usually takes place during knotting of carpet at loom. But the final clipping in highly skilled job, which is badly done can spoil the all lot of hard work of weaver.

Clipping

Washing

WASHING:
After the Carpet has been clipped it's send for washing to remove the  dirt that  may have been collected during the weaving, to give the final finish to the product. The product is put on hard plain floor and mostly the carpet is simply  washed with fresh cold water and left out to dry in Sun Shade on the plain floor, before putting the carpet to dry take the water out of the Carpet, with a board or hands down ward's the pile and the carpet is ready  for sales in our show rooms.

 

 

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